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ANIMAL HEALTH IN CHINA 2012 (II)

2014年11月15日作者：管理员阅读次数：3547

Chapter 3 Animal Production

As a pillar sector in China’s agriculture and rural economy, animal production plays an important role in ensuring domestic food security, increasing income of farmers and herdsmen, protecting and improving ecosystems, promoting agricultural modernization, and driving stable growth of the national economy. In 2012, animal production in China registered all-around growth with improved product quality and safety, which enabled sufficient supply of livestock and poultry products at stable prices. This effectively guaranteed the “food basket” of urban and rural residents.

3.1 Brief introduction of animal production

In 2012, the year-end inventories of cattle, sheep/goat, pig, and poultry were 104 million, 282 million, 468 million, and 5.55 billion respectively; and the slaughtered animals of those categories totaled 47 million, 267 million, 662 million and 11.33 billion respectively.

Figure 3-1 Numbers of cattle and pig slaughtered and year-end inventories (2008-2012)

Figure 3-2 Numbers of sheep/goat and poultry slaughtered and year-end inventories (unit: 100 million) (2008-2012)

Table 3-1 Livestock and poultry production in 2012

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Unit: Million heads 　

Category	Slaughtered	Year-end inventory
Pig	697.895	475.922
Cattle	47.609	103.434
Horse	1.577	6.335
Sheep/goat	270.996	285.041
Poultry	12080	5800
Donkey	2.474	6.361
Mule	0.58	2.492
Camel	0.07	0.295
Rabbit	487.767	221.582

In 2012, the total production of pork, beef, mutton/lamb and poultry meat reached 53.427 million tons, 6.623 million tons, 4.01 million tons, and 18.226 million tons. The total production of eggs, milk and honey registered 28.612 million tons, 38.686 million tons (37.436 million tons from cattle) and 448,000 tons. The year-on-year growth rate for each category stood at 5.6%, 2.3%, 2%, 6.7%, 1.8%, 1.5% and 4% respectively.

3.2 Animal production regions

Thanks to support policies of the central government and commitment of local authorities in recent years, China has continued to improve and adjust its animal farming structure and promote standardized large-scale farming, which has contributed to steady increase in large-scale farming of pigs, dairy cattle and layers, and development of competitive production regions of pigs, dairy cattle, beef cattle and mutton sheep.

Major regions of pork production are mid-southern and southwestern parts of China. Between 2006 and 2012, top ten provinces^[1] of pork production include Guangdong, Henan, Yunnan and Sichuan. The total of their annual output was around 31 million tons, accounting for 63% of the national beef producti.

Figure 3-3 Top ten provinces of pork production (2006-2012)

Major regions of beef cattle production are northeastern, northwestern and southwestern parts of China. Between 2006 and 2012, top ten provinces of beef production include Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Xinjiang and Sichuan. The total of their annual output was around 4.8 million tons, accounting for 73% of the national beef production.

Figure 3-4 Top ten provinces of beef production (2006-2012)

Major regions of mutton sheep production are northeastern, northwestern and southwestern parts of China. Between 2006 and 2012, top ten provinces of mutton production include Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. The total of their annual output was around 3.1 million tons, accounting for 76% of the national mutton production.

Figure 3-5 Top ten provinces of mutton production (2006-2012)

Major regions of egg production are northeastern, northern, middle and southwestern parts of China. Between 2006 and 2012, top ten provinces of egg production include Heilongjiang, Hebei, Sichuan and Shandong. The total of their annual output was around 21.7 million tons, accounting for 78% of the national egg production.

Figure 3-6 Top ten provinces of egg production (2006-2012)

Major regions of dairy production are northeastern, northern and northwestern parts of China. Between 2006 and 2012, top ten provinces of milk production include Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. The total of their annual output was around 29.26 million tons, accounting for 83% of the national milk production.

Figure 3-7 Top ten provinces of milk production (2006-2012)

Major regions of honey production are northeastern, mid-southern and southwestern parts of China. Between 2006 and 2012, top ten provinces of honey production include Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Sichuan and Shandong. The total of their annual output was around 310,000 tons, accounting for 78% of the national total.

Figure 3-8 Top ten provinces of honey production (2006-2012)

Chapter 4 Animal Disease Status

In 2012, animal disease status in China remained stable, without any regional outbreak. This means China reached its goal on disease control and agricultural product safety and effectively protected its animal production and veterinary public health.

4.1 OIE listed diseases that did not occur in China in 2012

China eradicated rinderpest in 1955 and was recognized by OIE as a rinderpest-free country in 2008. CBPP was eradicated in 1996, and CBPP-free status was recognized by OIE in 2011. Table 4-1 showed OIE listed diseases that did not occur in China in 2012.

Table 4-1 OIE listed diseases that did not occur in 2012

Susceptible species	Diseases
Multiple species	Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, Old World screwworm, surra (Trypanosoma evansi), heartwater, Rift Valley fever, bluetongue, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Q fever, tularaemia
Cattle	Bovine genital compylobacteriosis, enzootic bovine leukosis, lumpy skin disease, bovine anaplasmosis, trichomoniasis
Sheep and goat	Contagious agalactia, maedi-visna disease, Nairobi sheep disease, scrapie
Swine	Nipah virus encephalitis, swine vesicular disease
Equine animals	Contagious equine metritis, equine viral arteritis, dourine, equine piroplasmosis, glanders, equine infectious anemia, equine rhinopneumonitis
Rabbit	Myxomatosis
Poultry	Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma synoviae), low pathogenic avian influenza in poultry
Bee	Acariasis of bees, small hive beetles, American foulbrood, European foulbrood, tropical laelapsechidninus, varroa mites
Others	Camelpox, leishmaniasis

4.2 OIE listed diseases in China

In 2012, there were 46 OIE listed diseases reported in China, including 11 multiple species diseases, 6 cattle diseases, 6 sheep and goat diseases, 4 swine diseases, 1 rabbit disease, 10 avian diseases, 3 fish diseases and 5 crustacean diseases (Table 4-2).

Table 4-2 Information of OIE listed diseases in 2012

Diseases	Number of outbreaks	Sick animals	Number of sick animals	Number of dead animals	Number of culled animals	Number of destroyed animals
Anthrax	13	Pigs	96	69	185	300
Aujeszky's disease	169	Pigs	2571	520	80	30
Echinococcosis	48	Sheep/Goats	327	74	151	0
Rabies	109	Dogs	384	147	35	311
Paratuberculosis	6	Cattle	8	0	8	0
Trichinellosis	5	Pigs	17	0	0	0
Trichinellosis	5	Sheep/Goats	20	0	0	0
Brucellosis	5346	Pigs, Cattle, Sheep/Goats	81906	423	81957	1010
Japanese encephalitis	70	Pigs	608	0	28	158
Bovine babesiosis	24	Cattle	150	41	0	41
Bovine tuberculosis	384	Cattle	872	5	433	357
Haemorrhagic septicaemia	78	Cattle	882	275	0	2
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis	1	Cattle	12	0	0	0
Trypanosomosis	91	Cattle	586	5	0	0
Bovine viral diarrhoea	18	Cattle	110	12	0	12
Sheep pox and goat pox	135	Sheep/Goats	3397	504	163	271
Caprine arthritis/encephalitis	6	Sheep/Goats	56	8	0	8
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia	63	Sheep/Goats	1583	497	13	0
Enzootic abortion of ewes	6	Sheep/Goats	47	7	0	7
Salmonellosis	7	Sheep/Goats	97	7	0	7
Swine fever	101	Pigs	1048	653	22	49
Porcine cysticercosis	5	Pigs	15	0	2	5
Transmissible gastroenteritis	4920	Pigs	259179	36922	19051	1481
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome	43	Pigs	1378	270	1	2
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease	116	Rabbits	2451	909	33	15
Newcastle disease	253	Poultry	114205	50116	6042	169878
Avian infectious bronchitis	1085	Poultry	215885	21334	3707	0
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis	1420	Poultry	214993	19236	1785	701
Duck virus hepatitis	499	Poultry	49651	13803	2397	204
Infectious bursal disease	964	Poultry	330899	40461	3661	164
Pullorum disease	7964	Poultry	1323695	112285	22082	1755
Fowl typhoid	150	Poultry	8905	1972	1155	145
Avian chlamydiosis	3	Poultry	1500	200	0	200
Avian mycoplasmosis	99	Poultry	22137	1016	154	0

4.2.1 HPAI

In 2012, there were 5 outbreaks of HPAI in Ningxia, Liaoning, Gansu, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and Guangdong, with 49,635 birds sick, 18,633 dead, and 1,587,238 culled. There was one positive case found in AI surveillance in Yunnan.

Figure 4-3 HPAI information in 2012

Time	Location	Sick animals	Number of sick animals	Number of dead animals	Number of destroyed animals
2012-03	Hongta District, Yuxi, Yunnan (Positive case found in surveillance)	Chickens	2	0	35018
2012-04	Yuanzhou District, Guyuan, Ningxia	Chickens	23880	10468	366700
2012-04	Zhongshan District, Dalian, Liaoning	Ornamental chickens	5	5	27
2012-06	Jingtai County, Baiyin, Gansu	Chickens	6200	260	796886
2012-07	Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps	Chickens	5500	1600	156439
2012-09	Zhanjiang Economic & Technological Development Zone, Guangdong	Ducks	14050	6300	267186

4.2.2 FMD

In 2012, there were 5 outbreaks of Type-O FMD in 5 provinces, namely Hubei, Ningxia, Tibet, Liaoning, and Jiangsu, with 365 animals sick, 43 dead and 3,557 culled. There was no outbreak of Type-A and Type Asia-I FMD across the country.

Table 4-4 FMD information in 2012

Time	Location	Sick animals	Number of sick animals	Number of dead animals	Number of destroyed animals
2012-01	Badong County, Enshi Prefecture, Hubei	Pigs	24	0	71
2012-02	Pengyang County, Guyuan, Ningxia	Cattle	4	0	51
2012-09	Bomi County, Linzhi Prefecture, Tibet	Pigs Cattle	231	0	612
2012-11	Puwan New District, Dalian, Liaoning	Pigs	94	43	2478
2012-12	Xinbei District, Changzhou, Jiangsu	Pigs	12	0	338

4.2.3 Swine fever

In 2012, swine fever broke out in 7 provinces (Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Hubei and Yunnan), with 1048 pigs sick, 653 dead, and 58 culled. Compared with 2011, the number of affected provinces dropped significantly, and the numbers of sick, dead and culled pigs declined by 76.9%, 58.1% and 64.6% respectively.

4.2.4 Newcastle disease

In 2012, Newcastle disease occurred in 12 provinces (Beijing, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Tianjin, Yunnan and Zhejiang), with 102,122 birds sick, 50,116 dead, and 114,637 culled. Compared with 2011, the number of affected provinces did not increase while the numbers of sick and dead birds rose by 144.7% and 92.7% respectively. The number of culled birds dropped by 45.0%.

4.2.5 Rabies

In 2012, rabies occurred in 4 provinces (Hebei, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia, and Sichuan), with 384 dogs sick, 147 dead, and 310 culled. Compared with 2011, the number of affected provinces dropped markedly while the numbers of sick and dead dogs increased dramatically, with growth of 362 and 140 dogs respectively. The number of culled dogs decreased slightly.

4.2.6 Brucellosis

In 2012, Brucellosis was reported in 17 provinces (Anhui, Chongqing, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, and Zhejiang), with 81,906 sheep/goats sick, 423 dead, and 81,917 culled. Compared with 2011, the number of affected provinces decreased slightly. Sick animals were only sheep and goats. The number of sick and dead animals dropped markedly by 31.2% and 29.4% respectively.

4.3 Non-OIE listed diseases in China

In 2012, there were 13 non-OIE listed diseases reported in China, including listeriosis, toxoplasmosis, other Clostridium infections, actinomycosis, coccidiosis, clonorchiasis, filariasis, enterotoxaemia, sheep itch mite, Vibrio diarrhea, swine erysipelas, infectious rhinitis and avian leukosis. 　　

Table 4-5 Information of non-OIE listed diseases in 2012

Diseases	Number of outbreaks	Sick animals	Number of sick animals	Number of dead animals	Number of culled animals	Number of destroyed animals
Listeriosis	2	Poultry	11	4	0	4
Toxoplasmosis	100	Pigs	1109	193	19	196
Actinomycosis	5	Cattle	1316	201	0	201
Coccidiosis	6019	Poultry	1400713	91428	2535	93060
Clonorchiasis	26	Sheep /Goats	207	34	0	34
Filariasis	4	Sheep	67	0	0	0
Enterotoxaemia	139	Sheep /Goats	2032	673	42	712
Sheep itch mite	142	Sheep /Goats	2763	19	4	23
Vibrio diarrhea	49	Pigs	1110	100	3	100
Swine erysipelas	1547	Pigs	15846	4062	714	4127
Infectious rhinitis	22	Poultry	5168	59	19	70
Avian leukosis	24	Poultry	6484	1977	1719	3476

[1] The provinces are identified by ranking provincial production for each of the seven years, and choosing the ten　 provinces which are most frequently listed among top ten. Similarly hereinafter.

Article source: MOA